Pericarditis is an inflammation of the membrane called the pericardium, which surrounds the heart. 

 

This inflammation can be caused by a variety of causes, including viral, bacterial or fungal infections, autoimmune diseases, chest trauma, cancer, allergic reactions or the side effects of certain medications.

 

Common symptoms of pericarditis include:

• Chest pain: Pain is usually felt in the middle or upper chest area. It may be felt as a dull ache or as a sharp pain. Often, pain can be exacerbated by deep breathing, coughing or lying down.

• Shortness of breath: Some people with pericarditis may experience shortness of breath, especially during physical activity or while lying down.

• Fever: A moderate fever may accompany pericarditis, especially if caused by infection.

• Fatigue: Unusual fatigue may also be present.

 

Diagnosis of pericarditis is based on clinical examination, the patient's medical history, and tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, blood tests for markers of inflammation, and sometimes medical imaging such as cardiac computed tomography (CT) or MRI.

 

Treatment of pericarditis depends on its underlying cause. In many cases, mild pericarditis can resolve itself with rest and anti-inflammatory drugs (Aspirin or NSAIDs and Colchicine) to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. In more severe cases, or if there is an underlying infection, antibiotics or other drugs may be required. In cases of recurrent or persistent pericarditis, corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs may be prescribed. In extreme cases, surgery to drain accumulated fluid from around the heart (tamponade) or to remove the pericardium (pericardectomy) may be necessary.